Design and Development



A 3D model of X1 spectroelectochemical cell

New experimental approaches call for new tools that cannot be found in local supermarket. Some key components of experimental setups are built for us by manufacturers of scientific equipment. Many other components are designed by us from scratch and built at the Michigan State University.


Precision spacer is cut with a laser.

Development addresses various needs of our experiments from optics to software/hardware control to material properties and advanced plastics that result in cutting-edge tools that push practical limits.

Modern computer-aided design software allows us to build, assemble, and troubleshoot future instrument in 3D before any material is ever cut. This shortens production time and increased success rate.


Cryogenic mixer designed and built for Raman studies.

Much of our progress would not be possible without help and expertise of these distinguished facilities, whose contribution we gratefully acknowledge:

Chemistry glassblowing shop
Chemistry machine shop
Physics/Astronomy machine shop: PA shop

Comments